Electronic components are the entry-level of the electronics industry, but many engineers still have only a partial understanding of them. Below, the editor will introduce commonly used electronic components and their basic knowledge.

1. Resistance: Resistance is the most commonly used component in circuits because it obstructs current and reduces the interference of external currents on the chip, hence it is called a resistor. Resistance represents the magnitude of the obstruction of current by a conductor. The greater the resistance of a conductor, the greater the obstruction of current, which plays a role in regulating circuit current and voltage. Commonly used resistors include thermistors, varistors, voltage dividers, color ring resistors, power resistors, photoresistors, etc., which can be represented by Ω or R.

2. Capacitor: Capacitor refers to the size of the stored charge. When a conductor has a dielectric, it hinders the movement of charge, causing it to accumulate on the conductor. Capacitor plays a role in coupling, decoupling, filtering, and regulating. Commonly used capacitors include surface mount capacitors, electrolytic capacitors, adjustable capacitors, polyester capacitors, etc., which can be represented by F. Common ones include uF, nF, pF, etc. The withstand voltage and capacity values of general capacitors are marked on the surface of the capacitor and do not require testing.

3. Diode: A diode is a semiconductor device device that has unidirectional conductivity. Its conduction resistance is very small under forward voltage and the maximum under reverse voltage. It can be used to receive, transform, amplify signals, and convert signals, and has the functions of voltage stabilization, rectification, and frequency modulation. Commonly used ones include voltage regulator diodes, rectifier diodes, Schottky diodes, and switching diodes.

4. Inductance: Inductance is a component made by winding a coil, which interacts with the coil through current. When current passes through the coil, a magnetic field is induced in the coil, and the magnetic field generates induced current to resist the current passing through the coil. It can convert electrical energy into magnetic energy and store it. Inductance is a direct current impedance, and the higher the frequency, the greater the impedance of the coil. It can be used for direct current impedance alternating current and low frequency impedance high frequency. It can be represented by H, and inductance has the functions of filtering, damping, current limiting, and transformation. Common types include hollow core inductance, magnetic core/copper core/iron core inductance, etc.

5. Sensors: Sensors can sense external signals and convert them into usable signals according to certain rules, playing a role in transmission, storage, control, and display. Commonly used sensors include humidity sensors, temperature sensors, light sensors, pressure sensors, gravity sensors, gas sensors, etc.

6. Integrated circuit: An integrated circuit is a miniature device with circuit functions that connects the required components such as capacitors, resistors, inductors, diodes, etc. through wiring. It is a miniature, highly reliable, low-cost, and low-power electronic component, generally represented by IC. Commonly used include digital integrated circuits, semiconductor integrated circuits, unipolar and bipolar integrated circuits, etc.

7. Field effect transistor: Field effect transistor, also known as unipolar transistor, uses electric field effect to control the current of the transistor, that is, to control the output current through input voltage. It has high input impedance, low noise, low power consumption, and is easy to integrate. It is divided into junction field effect and insulated gate field effect, and is widely used in electronic components.

8. Transformer: Transformer is a device that uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to change voltage. Through electromagnetic mutual inductance, it changes AC voltage, current, impedance, safety isolation, and regulates voltage. Divided into low-frequency transformers, medium frequency transformers, high-frequency transformers, etc.

9. Crystal oscillator: A crystal oscillator is a thin slice cut from a quartz crystal, also known as a crystal oscillator. Used in circuits, it can generate oscillation frequencies, pulse signals, and provide basic clock signals for the system. The higher the clock frequency, the faster the device runs. It is generally used in digital circuits.